Peripheral Neuropathy Explained: Symptoms, Causes, and Treatment Options

Symptoms of Peripheral Neuropathy

Symptoms of peripheral neuropathy will depend on which nerves are affected. They may develop gradually or appear suddenly, often worsening over time.

Common Symptoms Include:

• Tingling or numbness in the hands, feet, or other extremities
• Burning, stabbing, or shooting pain
• Loss of coordination and balance
• Muscle weakness or cramping
• Sensitivity to touch or temperature changes
• Digestive, bladder, or heart rate irregularities

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Causes of Peripheral Neuropathy

Peripheral neuropathy can develop due to various underlying conditions. Identifying the cause is crucial for effective treatment.

Common Causes:

• Diabetes-Related Neuropathy: Diabetes is the leading cause of peripheral neuropathy, affecting nearly 50% of people with diabetes. High blood sugar damages the nerves over time, leading to loss of sensation, pain, and weakness, especially in the feet.

• Autoimmune Diseases: Conditions like lupus, rheumatoid arthritis, and Guillain-Barré syndrome can cause immune responses that attack nerve tissue, causing inflammation and damage.

• Infections: Viral and bacterial infections, including HIV, Lyme disease, and shingles, can result in nerve damage and persistent pain.

• Vitamin Deficiencies: Lack of vitamin B12, B6, and folate can impair nerve function, leading to neuropathic symptoms.

• Alcohol and Toxin Exposure: Chronic alcohol consumption and exposure to toxins like lead and mercury can deteriorate nerves, leading to neuropathy.

• Nerve Trauma or Compression: Injuries from accidents, repetitive motion (such as carpal tunnel syndrome), or surgeries can damage nerves, causing chronic pain.

• Idiopathic - If there are no discernible causes then the diagnosis is idiopathic peripheral neuropathy

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Diagnosing Peripheral Neuropathy

Proper diagnosis is essential for effective treatment. At Brazos Valley Pain Specialists, Dr. Jared Anderson uses a combination of medical history, physical exams, and diagnostic tests to identify the root cause of nerve damage.

Diagnostic Tests May Include:

• Nerve conduction studies to measure electrical activity in nerves
• Electromyography (EMG) to assess muscle response
• Blood tests to check for diabetes, vitamin deficiencies, or infections
• MRI or CT scans to detect nerve compression

Best Treatment Options for Peripheral Neuropathy

While neuropathy is often chronic, various treatment options can help reduce symptoms and improve quality of life.

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1. Medications for Neuropathy Pain

• Over-the-counter pain relievers (NSAIDs, acetaminophen)
• Prescription medications (gabapentin, pregabalin, duloxetine)
• Topical treatments (capsaicin cream, lidocaine patches)

2. Physical Therapy & Rehabilitation

Through targeted exercises, physical therapy helps improve mobility, strengthen muscles, and reduce nerve pain.

3. Neurostimulator

Spinal cord stimulators work very well to stop painful peripheral neuropathy and improve blood flow to possibly offer healing to neuropathic pain.  This is a day surgery procedure.

4. Lifestyle Changes and Home Remedies

• Maintaining healthy blood sugar levels (for diabetic patients)
• Regular exercise to improve circulation and nerve function
• Avoiding alcohol and smoking to prevent further nerve damage
• Eating a nutrient-rich diet high in vitamins B12 and E

5. Surgical Interventions 

If neuropathy is caused by nerve compression, surgery may be necessary to relieve pressure and restore function.

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Preventing Peripheral Neuropathy

While not all cases are preventable, adopting healthy habits can reduce the risk and slow progression.

Tips for Prevention:

• Control blood sugar levels (for diabetics)
• Stay active with low-impact exercises like walking and swimming
• Protect hands and feet from injuries
• Eat a balanced diet rich in vitamins and antioxidants
• Limit alcohol and avoid toxic substances

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Living with Peripheral Neuropathy

Neuropathy can be challenging, but early intervention and ongoing care can help patients lead fulfilling lives. Brazos Valley Pain Specialists in Brenham, Texas, can provide a customized pain management plan tailored to each patient's needs.

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Conclusion

Peripheral neuropathy doesn't have to control your life. If you're experiencing nerve pain, weakness, or other symptoms, there is help to regain your comfort and mobility. Dr. Jared Anderson at Brazos Valley Pain Specialists can help. Schedule an appointment today.

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Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

1. Can Peripheral Neuropathy Be Reversed?

It depends on the cause. Some types of neuropathy, such as those due to vitamin deficiencies or toxin exposure, can improve with treatment. However, nerve damage from chronic conditions like diabetes is often permanent but can be managed.

2. What Is the Best Treatment for Peripheral Neuropathy?

There is no one-size-fits-all treatment. The best results are obtained by combining medications, lifestyle changes, physical therapy, and pain management techniques.

3. How Can I Prevent Peripheral Neuropathy from Getting Worse?

Managing underlying conditions (like diabetes), staying active, eating a nutritious diet, and avoiding alcohol or smoking can slow the progression of neuropathy.

4. Does Peripheral Neuropathy Only Affect the Feet?

While the feet and hands are most commonly affected, neuropathy can impact any body part, including digestion, blood pressure regulation, and motor function.

5. Why Should I See a Specialist for Neuropathy?

A pain management specialist can provide advanced treatment options, including nerve blocks and spinal cord stimulation, that general practitioners may not offer.